Arduino Nano
Arduino Nano — ATmega328P — 16 MHz AVR — Breadboard-Ready Compact Dev Board The Arduino Nano packs full Arduino Uno-compatible performance into a 45 × 18 mm, breadboard-native form factor...
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Arduino Nano — ATmega328P — 16 MHz AVR — Breadboard-Ready Compact Dev Board
The Arduino Nano packs full Arduino Uno-compatible performance into a 45 × 18 mm, breadboard-native form factor — powered by the proven ATmega328P running at 16 MHz. With 14 digital I/O pins, 8 analog inputs, and hardware UART, I2C, and SPI built in, it's the go-to choice for space-constrained prototyping without sacrificing capability.
Key Highlights
- ATmega328P Microcontroller — The same battle-tested 8-bit AVR core used in the Arduino Uno, giving you a vast library of community sketches and shields that work out of the box.
- Breadboard-Ready Form Factor — At just 45 × 18 mm and 7 g, the Nano slots directly into a standard breadboard with pins on both sides, freeing you from jumper-wire clutter on the bench.
- 14 Digital I/O Pins with 6 PWM Channels — Drive servos, LEDs, relays, and more; PWM channels on pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 let you control speed and brightness with fine granularity.
- 8 Analog Inputs at 10-Bit Resolution — Read sensors, potentiometers, and voltage dividers with 1024 discrete steps from 0 to 5 V, giving precise analogue measurement without external ADC hardware.
- 32 KB Flash + 2 KB SRAM + 1 KB EEPROM — Enough program space for complex sketches, runtime memory for dynamic data, and non-volatile EEPROM to persist settings across power cycles.
- Hardware UART, I2C & SPI — Native multi-protocol support means you can simultaneously talk to GPS modules, OLED displays, SD cards, and sensor arrays without software bit-banging overhead.
- Mini-USB Programming & Power — Flash new sketches and monitor serial output over a single mini-USB cable; no external programmer or separate power supply needed during development.
- Wide Input Voltage via VIN — Accept 7–12 V on the VIN pin from batteries or wall adaptors, with an onboard regulator delivering stable 5 V and 3.3 V rails for peripherals.
- External Interrupt Pins — Pins 2 and 3 support hardware interrupts on rising, falling, or changing edges, enabling real-time event response without polling loops.
Technical Specifications
| Specification | Details |
| Microcontroller | ATmega328P |
| Architecture | 8-bit AVR |
| Clock Speed | 16 MHz |
| Operating Voltage | 5V |
| Input Voltage (VIN) | 7–12V |
| Flash Memory | 32 KB (2 KB used by bootloader) |
| SRAM | 2 KB |
| EEPROM | 1 KB |
| Digital I/O Pins | 14 (pins 0–13) |
| PWM Pins | 6 (pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11) |
| Analog Input Pins | 8 (A0–A7, 10-bit resolution) |
| DC Current per I/O Pin | 20 mA |
| Power Consumption | 19 mA |
| Communication | UART (pins 0/1), I2C (A4/A5), SPI (10–13) |
| USB Interface | Mini-USB |
| Board Dimensions | 45 × 18 mm |
| Weight | 7 g |
Common Applications & Use Cases
- Robotics & Servo Control — Drive multiple servo motors and DC motors simultaneously using the Nano's 6 PWM outputs and I2C motor driver shields, keeping the overall build lightweight and compact.
- Wearable Electronics — The Nano's minimal footprint and low power draw make it ideal for embedding into garments, accessories, and wearables where size and weight are critical constraints.
- Breadboard Prototyping — Drop it directly into a breadboard to iterate on circuit designs rapidly without soldering, then migrate to a custom PCB when the design is finalised.
- Home Automation — Pair with relay modules and Wi-Fi shields to automate lighting, fans, and appliances; the UART interface makes communication with ESP8266/ESP32 modules straightforward.
- Sensor Data Logging — Connect temperature, humidity, gas, and pressure sensors via I2C or SPI and log readings to an SD card module, all coordinated from the Nano's 32 KB of program space.
- RC Vehicle Control — Read PWM signals from an RC receiver on interrupt pins 2 and 3 and output precise servo and ESC control signals, enabling custom autopilot and telemetry logic.
- Industrial Control Systems — Use the Nano as a low-cost embedded controller for conveyor speed regulation, process monitoring, and PLC-style ladder logic prototypes on the workshop floor.
- STEM & Education — The Nano's breadboard compatibility and Arduino IDE support make it the preferred teaching board in electronics courses, maker clubs, and school science projects worldwide.
- IoT Edge Nodes — Act as a local sensor aggregator, collecting analogue and digital data before forwarding it to a Wi-Fi or LoRa module for cloud transmission in IoT pipeline architectures.
- Custom Keyboard & HID Devices — When flashed with appropriate firmware (using an external programmer), the Nano can emulate USB HID devices such as keyboards, gamepads, or MIDI controllers for custom input projects.
What's in the Box
- 1 × Arduino Nano Original Board (ATmega328P)
Note: accessories such as USB cables, breadboards, jumper wires, sensor modules, and power supplies are sold separately and not included unless stated above.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the Arduino Nano compatible with the Arduino IDE?
Yes — the Arduino Nano is fully supported by the Arduino IDE (versions 1.x and 2.x) on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Simply select "Arduino Nano" from the board manager and choose the correct ATmega328P processor variant. The IDE includes the necessary FTDI or CH340 USB-to-serial drivers depending on the revision of your board. All standard Arduino libraries — from Servo to Wire — work without modification. No additional configuration is required for basic programming.
How do I power the Arduino Nano?
The Arduino Nano can be powered in three ways: via the mini-USB port (5 V from your computer or a USB charger), via the VIN pin (7–12 V from a battery or wall adaptor), or directly on the 5V pin (regulated 5 V only — bypasses the onboard regulator so use with care). The onboard voltage regulator steps VIN down to a stable 5 V rail for the microcontroller and peripherals. For battery-powered builds, a 9 V or 3-cell Li-Ion pack connected to VIN is the most common approach.
Which operating systems support the Arduino Nano?
The Arduino Nano is supported on Windows 7/10/11, macOS 10.10 and later, and most Linux distributions (Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch, Raspberry Pi OS). USB driver installation is required on Windows for FTDI-based boards; CH340-based clones may need a separate CH340 driver. The Arduino Web Editor also supports the Nano through the browser plugin, making it accessible on Chromebooks and other platforms with restricted software installation. No special OS-level permissions are needed beyond USB serial port access.
Does the Arduino Nano have onboard storage, and can I add more?
The Nano includes 1 KB of EEPROM for persistent non-volatile storage of configuration values, calibration data, or user settings that survive power cycles. There is no onboard SD slot, but you can attach a SPI SD card module to the hardware SPI pins (10–13) to log megabytes of data to a FAT-formatted card. The SD library is included in the Arduino IDE and works with most standard SD and microSD modules. For small data sets under 1 KB, the EEPROM (with up to 100,000 write cycles) is the most convenient option.
What accessories do I need to get started with the Arduino Nano?
At a minimum you need a mini-USB cable and a computer with the Arduino IDE installed — that's enough to upload your first sketch. For circuit experiments, a 400-point or 830-point breadboard and a set of jumper wires are essential, as is a basic component kit (resistors, LEDs, a push button). A USB power bank lets you run untethered projects. For sensor-based builds, confirm sensor voltage compatibility — the Nano operates at 5 V logic, so 3.3 V sensors may need a logic level shifter.
How does the Arduino Nano compare to the Arduino Uno?
Both boards use the same ATmega328P microcontroller running at 16 MHz with identical flash, SRAM, and EEPROM, so sketches are fully portable between them. The key difference is size: the Nano is roughly 40% smaller and breadboard-compatible, while the Uno uses a larger DIP socket and standard Arduino shield headers. The Nano uses a mini-USB port versus the Uno's USB-B, and adds two extra analog inputs (A6 and A7, input-only). The Uno is easier for beginners who rely on plug-on shields; the Nano suits compact or embedded builds where PCB space is at a premium.
How many GPIO and communication interface pins does the Arduino Nano have?
The Nano provides 14 digital I/O pins (pins 0–13), of which 6 support 8-bit PWM output (pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11), plus 8 analog input pins (A0–A7, with A6 and A7 being input-only). Hardware communication interfaces include UART on pins 0 and 1, I2C on A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL), and full SPI on pins 10–13. External hardware interrupts are available on pins 2 and 3. In total the board exposes 22 usable I/O lines, making it remarkably capable for its footprint.
Is the Arduino Nano suitable for beginners?
Yes — the Nano is an excellent first board for anyone comfortable with basic electronics concepts. The Arduino IDE provides a beginner-friendly editor with hundreds of built-in example sketches, and the global Arduino community offers extensive tutorials for the Nano specifically. The breadboard form factor makes it easier to wire up circuits without soldering, reducing the barrier to experimentation. That said, the mini-USB connector and smaller labelling can feel fiddly compared to the Uno; absolute beginners who prefer a larger, more tactile board may start with the Uno and move to the Nano for compact builds.
What is the most common mistake when using the Arduino Nano?
The most frequent mistake is selecting the wrong processor variant in the Arduino IDE — the board manager lists both "ATmega328P (Old Bootloader)" and "ATmega328P"; choosing the wrong one causes upload failures without any obvious error message. A second common pitfall is exceeding the 20 mA per-pin current limit by connecting LEDs or sensors directly without a current-limiting resistor, which can permanently damage the microcontroller. Finally, connecting 3.3 V-logic sensors directly to the 5 V I/O pins without a logic level shifter can damage sensitive peripherals. Always check your sensor's datasheet before wiring.
Where can I find official documentation and community support for the Arduino Nano?
Official documentation, pinout diagrams, schematics, and hardware revision history are available at docs.arduino.cc/hardware/nano. The Arduino Forum at forum.arduino.cc hosts hundreds of threads specifically about the Nano covering common bugs, library conflicts, and project ideas. The Arduino GitHub repository contains the board definition files and bootloader source. For video tutorials, the official Arduino YouTube channel and community platforms such as Instructables and Hackaday provide step-by-step project guides. The ATmega328P datasheet from Microchip is the authoritative reference for low-level register and timing details.
