Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B — Quad-Core 1.8GHz ARM Cortex-A72 — Up to 8GB LPDDR4 RAM — Dual 4K HDMI Output The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the most...
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Raspberry Pi 4 Model B — Quad-Core 1.8GHz ARM Cortex-A72 — Up to 8GB LPDDR4 RAM — Dual 4K HDMI Output
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the most capable single-board computer in the Pi lineup before the Pi 5, delivering genuine desktop-class performance in a credit-card-sized form factor. Available in 2GB, 4GB, and 8GB LPDDR4-3200 RAM variants, it handles everything from lightweight automation scripts to full desktop Linux workloads, media centers, network-attached storage, and serious Python development — all powered by a 5V USB-C supply.
Key Highlights
- Broadcom BCM2711 Quad-Core Cortex-A72 at 1.8GHz — A 64-bit ARMv8 processor running at 1.8GHz delivers roughly 3× the CPU throughput of the Pi 3B+, making real-time data processing, computer vision pipelines, and multi-threaded server workloads entirely viable on this board.
- Up to 8GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM — Three RAM tiers (2GB, 4GB, 8GB) let you right-size for your project: light automation needs only 2GB, while the 8GB variant runs full desktop environments, Docker containers, or in-memory databases without swapping to the microSD card.
- Dual Micro-HDMI Ports — 4Kp60 & 1080p60 Simultaneous Output — Drive two independent displays at the same time: 4K at 60Hz on the primary port or 1080p60 on both simultaneously, making digital signage, dual-monitor desktops, and kiosk builds straightforward with no additional hardware.
- True Gigabit Ethernet — Unlike the Pi 3 which shared USB bandwidth with its LAN chip, the Pi 4 uses a dedicated Gigabit Ethernet controller delivering full wire-speed throughput — critical for NAS builds, network appliances, and high-bandwidth IoT gateways.
- Dual-Band 802.11ac Wi-Fi + Bluetooth 5.0 — On-board 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi eliminates the need for a USB dongle, while Bluetooth 5.0 doubles the range and quadruples the speed of BT 4.2 for reliable wireless peripheral and IoT sensor connectivity.
- USB 3.0 Ports for High-Speed Storage — Two USB 3.0 ports (plus two USB 2.0 ports) allow direct connection of SSDs via USB 3.0 enclosures, enabling boot-from-USB-SSD setups that are orders of magnitude faster and more reliable than microSD for production deployments.
- 40-Pin GPIO Header — Fully Backwards Compatible — The standard 40-pin GPIO header supports UART, SPI, I2C, I2S, and PWM, and is pin-compatible with all HATs and expansion boards designed for previous Pi models, protecting your investment in existing accessories.
- H.265 4Kp60 Hardware Video Decode — The dedicated VideoCore VI GPU handles H.265 at 4Kp60 and H.264 at 1080p60 in hardware, offloading the CPU entirely for smooth media playback in Kodi, VLC, or LibreELEC without dropped frames or excessive heat.
- USB-C Power Input — 5V / 3A — The switch from micro-USB to USB-C provides a more robust, reversible connector and ensures the board can draw the full 15W it needs under heavy CPU and peripheral load, eliminating the under-voltage throttling that plagued older Pi models with marginal supplies.
- CSI Camera & DSI Display Ports — Dedicated 2-lane MIPI CSI and DSI connectors let you attach the official Raspberry Pi Camera Module and Touchscreen Display without consuming any USB or GPIO bandwidth, keeping your expansion header free for sensors and actuators.
Technical Specifications
| Specification | 2GB Model | 4GB Model | 8GB Model |
| Processor (SoC) | Broadcom BCM2711, Quad-Core Cortex-A72 (ARMv8) 64-bit @ 1.8GHz | ||
| RAM | 2GB LPDDR4-3200 | 4GB LPDDR4-3200 | 8GB LPDDR4-3200 |
| GPU | VideoCore VI @ 500MHz; OpenGL ES 3.1, Vulkan 1.0 | ||
| Video Decode | H.265 4Kp60; H.264 1080p60 decode / 1080p30 encode | ||
| Display Output | 2× Micro-HDMI (up to 4Kp60); dual display simultaneous support | ||
| USB Ports | 2× USB 3.0 (5Gbps) + 2× USB 2.0 (480Mbps) | ||
| Ethernet | Gigabit Ethernet (dedicated controller, not USB-shared) | ||
| Wi-Fi | 2.4GHz + 5.0GHz IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) | ||
| Bluetooth | Bluetooth 5.0 / Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) | ||
| GPIO | 40-pin standard header (UART, SPI, I2C, I2S, PWM, 3.3V & 5V power) | ||
| Camera / Display | 1× 2-lane MIPI CSI camera port; 1× 2-lane MIPI DSI display port | ||
| Audio | 4-pole 3.5mm stereo audio + composite video jack; HDMI digital audio | ||
| Storage | MicroSD slot (UHS-I); USB 3.0 boot from SSD/HDD supported | ||
| Power Input | USB-C 5V DC / 3A (15W); or 5V via GPIO header | ||
| Power Consumption | ~2.9W idle; up to ~6.4W at full CPU load | ||
| Operating Temperature | 0°C to +85°C (ambient); active cooling recommended above +70°C | ||
| Dimensions | 85.6mm × 56.5mm (standard Raspberry Pi form factor) | ||
| OS Support | Raspberry Pi OS (32-bit & 64-bit), Ubuntu 22.04/24.04, Kali Linux, LibreELEC, RetroPie, Android (community), and more | ||
Which RAM Variant Is Right for You?
The right variant comes down to your workload: the 2GB handles anything single-threaded or headless, the 4GB is the sweet spot for desktop use and most maker projects, and the 8GB is the only choice when you need to run multiple services, containers, or memory-hungry applications in parallel.
| Criteria | 2GB | 4GB | 8GB |
| RAM | 2GB LPDDR4 | 4GB LPDDR4 | 8GB LPDDR4 |
| Best For | Headless servers, IoT gateways, automation, retro gaming | Desktop replacement, media centers, general-purpose development | Docker, multiple VMs, heavy compilation, NAS + server combo |
| Recommended Workloads | Pi-hole, Node-RED, Home Assistant, RetroPie, lightweight web server | Kodi/LibreELEC, Python dev environment, Jupyter Notebook, OpenCV projects | Docker Compose stacks, Nextcloud, Plex server, machine learning inference |
| Swap Dependency | Low — adequate for single-service headless use | Minimal — comfortable headroom for desktop multitasking | Negligible — runs full container stacks without hitting disk swap |
Common Applications & Use Cases
- Home Automation Hub — The Pi 4 runs Home Assistant or OpenHAB continuously at under 3W idle, and its Bluetooth 5.0 + dual-band Wi-Fi let it communicate directly with smart bulbs, sensors, and Zigbee/Z-Wave USB dongles without a separate hub device.
- 4K Media Center — Paired with LibreELEC or OSMC, the BCM2711's hardware H.265 decoder plays 4K HDR content smoothly via the micro-HDMI port, turning any TV into a full Kodi-powered home theater with no dropped frames or CPU strain.
- Network-Attached Storage (NAS) — True Gigabit Ethernet and USB 3.0 ports allow you to connect multiple external drives and serve files across your network at sustained speeds above 100 MB/s — adequate for home media libraries and personal cloud backups.
- Ad-Blocking DNS Server (Pi-hole) — Running Pi-hole on a Pi 4 with 2GB RAM blocks network-wide ads and trackers for every device on your LAN, operates silently 24/7 at minimal electricity consumption, and frees your router from DNS processing overhead.
- Retro Gaming Console — RetroPie on the Pi 4 emulates consoles up to PlayStation 1, Nintendo 64, and Dreamcast at full speed, with HDMI output to a TV and support for USB and Bluetooth gamepads, making it the most capable bare-board retro emulator available.
- Computer Vision & Robotics — The dedicated MIPI CSI port connects the Raspberry Pi Camera Module for zero-CPU-overhead image capture, while the quad-core processor runs OpenCV inference pipelines — ideal for object detection, line-following robots, and surveillance systems.
- Portable Linux Development Workstation — The 4GB and 8GB variants run a full 64-bit Raspberry Pi OS desktop with a browser, VS Code, Python environment, and Git — a complete programming setup that fits in a bag at a fraction of the size and weight of a laptop.
- Network Security Lab — Kali Linux ARM runs natively on the Pi 4, giving penetration testers a portable, low-profile platform with dual-band Wi-Fi for wireless auditing, Ethernet for wired assessments, and enough RAM to run Metasploit and Burp Suite simultaneously.
- Digital Signage & Kiosk Display — The dual micro-HDMI outputs can drive two independent 1080p or one 4K display in a retail or event setting, running 24/7 on minimal power with a locked-down Chromium kiosk mode or a custom Electron app on a microSD that takes seconds to reimage.
- Docker & Self-Hosted Cloud Services — On the 8GB model, Docker Compose stacks running Nextcloud, Gitea, Wireguard VPN, and a reverse proxy coexist comfortably in RAM, giving you a personal cloud server that consumes less than 7W at full load and fits inside a standard HAT enclosure.
What's in the Box
- 1× Raspberry Pi 4 Model B board (your chosen RAM variant)
Not included — sold separately: Power supply (USB-C 5V/3A recommended), micro-HDMI to HDMI cable, microSD card (Class 10 / U1 minimum, A2 application-class recommended), official Raspberry Pi case, heatsink or active cooling fan, keyboard, mouse, and USB hub. All official Raspberry Pi accessories are available in our store.
Frequently Asked Questions
What power supply do I need for the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B?
The Raspberry Pi 4 requires a USB-C power supply rated at 5V / 3A (15W) minimum. Do not use a phone charger or a USB-C cable from a laptop charger — many of these negotiate lower voltages or use resistors that the Pi 4 incorrectly identifies as non-compliant, causing it to cap charging at 600mA and throttle under load. The official Raspberry Pi USB-C Power Supply is strongly recommended. If powering via the 40-pin GPIO header instead, the same 5V / 3A current budget applies and bypasses the polyfuse, so use a reliable bench supply and exercise caution.
Which operating systems run on the Raspberry Pi 4?
The Pi 4 supports a wide ecosystem of operating systems. Raspberry Pi OS (available in 32-bit and 64-bit) is the official and most supported option and ships with a desktop environment, programming tools, and the full apt package ecosystem. Beyond that, Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 LTS (both desktop and server), Kali Linux ARM, LibreELEC (Kodi-based media OS), RetroPie (game emulation), and DietPi (ultra-lightweight headless) all have official Pi 4 images. Use the Raspberry Pi Imager tool to flash any of these to a microSD in minutes.
What size and type of microSD card should I use?
Use a Class 10 / U1 microSD card at minimum, with a capacity of 16GB or greater — Raspberry Pi OS Lite fits in 8GB but the full desktop image needs at least 16GB. For the best experience, choose a card rated A2 (Application Performance Class 2), which guarantees minimum random read/write IOPS far better suited to an OS workload than A1 or unrated cards. Samsung Endurance and SanDisk Endurance series are popular picks for 24/7 deployments. Alternatively, boot from a USB 3.0 SSD (after enabling USB boot in the EEPROM) for dramatically improved speed and longevity over flash storage.
Does the Raspberry Pi 4 need a heatsink or fan?
Under light or intermittent workloads a bare board may be fine, but the BCM2711 will throttle at 80°C and can sustain temperatures above 70°C under continuous CPU load — so any sustained compute workload benefits significantly from cooling. At minimum, attach an aluminum heatsink to the SoC and the LAN/USB controller chip. For continuous-duty deployments (servers, media centers, Docker hosts), an active cooling fan or a case with integrated fan such as the official Raspberry Pi Case Fan is strongly recommended to maintain full 1.8GHz performance without clock-speed reduction.
Are existing Raspberry Pi HATs and accessories compatible with the Pi 4?
Yes — the Pi 4 uses the same standard 40-pin GPIO header as the Pi 2, 3, and Zero, so the vast majority of HATs (Hardware Attached on Top) and breakout boards are electrically and mechanically compatible. However, note two caveats: some HATs that rely on specific PWM or I2C addresses may need software configuration adjustments, and HATs with tall capacitors or components near the USB-C port may not clear the Pi 4's slightly repositioned connector layout. Always verify mechanical fit in a case or enclosure before purchasing.
Should I buy the Raspberry Pi 4 or the Raspberry Pi 5?
The Raspberry Pi 5 offers roughly 2–3× the CPU performance, PCIe 2.0 expansion, and a dedicated real-time clock — and is the better choice if you need maximum compute throughput or plan to attach NVMe SSDs. However, the Pi 4 remains the stronger value for the majority of maker, IoT, and media projects: it is more widely supported by third-party HATs and cases, has a more mature driver ecosystem, generates less heat at idle, and costs less — making it the smarter pick for projects where you need reliability, breadth of community resources, or budget efficiency over raw speed.
Can I run the Raspberry Pi 4 without a monitor (headless)?
Absolutely. Headless operation is one of the most common Pi 4 deployment patterns. Flash Raspberry Pi OS Lite using the Raspberry Pi Imager, which lets you pre-configure your Wi-Fi credentials, hostname, SSH key, and username in the imager's advanced settings before ever inserting the card. On first boot the Pi will connect to your network and be reachable via SSH within about 30 seconds. For GUI access without a physical monitor, install a VNC server (RealVNC is pre-installed on the full desktop image) or use XRDP for Remote Desktop Protocol access from any Windows or Mac machine.
What is the GPIO header and what can I connect to it?
The 40-pin GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) header is a double row of 2.54mm-pitch pins that lets you interface the Pi 4 directly with electronic components and modules. It exposes digital I/O pins (3.3V logic), two I2C buses, two SPI buses, two UART serial ports, hardware PWM channels, and 3.3V / 5V / GND power rails. You can connect sensors (temperature, pressure, ultrasonic), motor driver boards, relay modules, LED strips via SPI (WS2812, APA102), OLED displays, analog-to-digital converters, servo controllers, and thousands of off-the-shelf HATs. All GPIO is 3.3V logic only — never connect 5V signals directly to GPIO pins without a level shifter.
How do I connect a camera to the Raspberry Pi 4?
The Pi 4 features a 15-pin MIPI CSI camera connector (labeled CAM on the board) that accepts all official Raspberry Pi Camera Modules, including the Camera Module 3 (12MP autofocus), Camera Module 2 (8MP), and the HQ Camera (12.3MP interchangeable lens). Connect the flat FFC ribbon cable carefully — the connector lifts upward to unlock and must be locked with the cable's blue strip facing away from the connector contacts. Enable the camera via raspi-config or the legacy camera interface setting, then use the libcamera stack (recommended) or raspistill/raspivid for capture. USB webcams are also supported via V4L2 on any of the four USB ports.
What are the most common mistakes to avoid when setting up a Raspberry Pi 4?
The most frequent pitfalls are: (1) using an underpowered supply — always use a quality 5V/3A USB-C adapter, not a phone charger; (2) using a slow or low-quality microSD card, which causes the OS to feel sluggish and suffer early wear — choose A2-rated cards or boot from USB SSD; (3) running without cooling and experiencing thermal throttling that silently reduces performance; (4) connecting 5V logic directly to GPIO pins and damaging the SoC — always use a 3.3V logic level shifter for 5V peripherals; and (5) skipping the EEPROM/firmware update on a fresh board — run sudo rpi-eeprom-update early to get the latest boot firmware, USB boot support, and stability fixes.
