Raspberry PI Pico
Raspberry Pi Pico Series — Dual-Core Microcontroller — Up to 150 MHz & 520 KB SRAM The Raspberry Pi Pico series delivers serious embedded performance in a compact 51×21mm breadboard-friendly...
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Raspberry Pi Pico Series — Dual-Core Microcontroller — Up to 150 MHz & 520 KB SRAM
The Raspberry Pi Pico series delivers serious embedded performance in a compact 51×21mm breadboard-friendly form factor — available in four variants from the entry-level Pico to the Pico 2 W, which packs a 150 MHz dual-core RP2350, 520 KB SRAM, Wi-Fi 802.11n, and Bluetooth 5.2. All four models share the same GPIO pinout, making them fully interchangeable in existing PCB and breadboard designs.
Key Highlights
- Dual-Core Processing — Every Pico variant runs two processor cores simultaneously; Gen 2 models (Pico 2 / 2 W) step up to Cortex-M33 cores at 150 MHz, delivering roughly 40% more throughput on signal processing, sensor fusion, and control-loop tasks compared to the original 133 MHz M0+.
- RISC-V Architecture Option (Pico 2 Series) — The RP2350 lets you switch both cores to open-hardware Hazard3 RISC-V, giving researchers and developers a rare opportunity to run RISC-V firmware on production-ready microcontroller hardware without needing specialist dev boards.
- Double the Memory on Gen 2 — The Pico 2 and Pico 2 W carry 520 KB SRAM and 4 MB flash — exactly twice the Pico/Pico W — so you can buffer larger datasets, run more complex MicroPython programs, and store bigger assets locally without external memory chips.
- Wi-Fi & Bluetooth on W Variants — The Pico W adds 802.11n Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4.2 BLE via the Infineon CYW43439; the Pico 2 W upgrades that to full Bluetooth 5.2, offering longer range, faster data rates, and better coexistence in crowded RF environments like offices and factories.
- Ultra-Low Sleep Current (Pico 2 Series) — The RP2350 idles at under 10 µA in deep sleep — 10× less than the original RP2040's ~100 µA — making months-long battery operation practical for sensor nodes without any external power management circuitry.
- Hardware Security Built In (Pico 2 Series) — Arm TrustZone, SHA-256 hardware acceleration, a True Random Number Generator (TRNG), and 8 KB of one-time-programmable (OTP) key storage are baked into the RP2350 — making the Pico 2 suitable for deployed IoT devices that need secure boot and attestation.
- Drag-and-Drop Programming — Hold BOOTSEL, plug in USB, and the board appears as a USB mass-storage drive on any OS. Drag your .uf2 firmware file onto it — no drivers, no special flasher, no command line required.
- 26 Multi-Function GPIO Pins — Every GPIO pin can serve as digital I/O, PWM, SPI, I2C, UART, or ADC input, reducing the need for external expanders or level shifters in most designs. All pins operate at 3.3V logic with up to 12 mA drive per pin.
- Flexible Language Support — Program in MicroPython, CircuitPython, the official C/C++ Pico SDK, or the Arduino framework. The official SDK ships with 50+ example projects covering peripherals, networking, PIO, and DSP — so you never start from scratch.
- Universal Pinout Across All Variants — All four Pico models use the identical 51×21mm PCB with 40 pins on a 2.54mm pitch, so you can upgrade from a Pico to a Pico 2 W on the same breadboard or PCB without a single wire change.
Technical Specifications
| Specification | Pico | Pico W | Pico 2 | Pico 2 W |
| Microcontroller | RP2040 | RP2040 | RP2350 | RP2350 |
| CPU Architecture | Dual-core Cortex-M0+ | Dual-core Cortex-M33 / Hazard3 RISC-V | ||
| Clock Speed | 133 MHz | 150 MHz | ||
| SRAM | 264 KB | 520 KB | ||
| Flash Memory | 2 MB | 4 MB | ||
| GPIO Pins | 26 multi-function GPIO | |||
| ADC | 3× 12-bit ADC channels (0V–3.3V) | |||
| Serial Interfaces | 2× SPI, 2× I2C, 2× UART | |||
| PWM Channels | 16 | 24 | ||
| PIO State Machines | 8 (2 blocks × 4) | 12 (3 blocks × 4) | ||
| Wi-Fi | — | 802.11n 2.4 GHz | — | 802.11n 2.4 GHz |
| Bluetooth | — | 4.2 BLE | — | 5.2 |
| USB | USB 1.1 (device & host mode) | |||
| Input Voltage | 1.8V–5.5V via VSYS / 5V via micro-USB | |||
| Deep Sleep Current | ~100 µA | <10 µA | ||
| GPIO Logic Level | 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), up to 12 mA per pin | |||
| Board Dimensions | 51 × 21 mm, 1 mm thick PCB | |||
| Languages Supported | MicroPython, CircuitPython, C/C++ SDK, Arduino | |||
Which Pico Is Right for You?
The decision comes down to three factors: whether your project needs wireless connectivity, how much RAM and flash your firmware requires, and whether low sleep current matters for battery life. Use the table below to match your use case to the right variant.
| Factor | Pico | Pico W | Pico 2 | Pico 2 W |
| Wireless | None | Wi-Fi + BLE 4.2 | None | Wi-Fi + BT 5.2 |
| SRAM / Flash | 264 KB / 2 MB | 264 KB / 2 MB | 520 KB / 4 MB | 520 KB / 4 MB |
| CPU | M0+ @ 133 MHz | M0+ @ 133 MHz | M33 @ 150 MHz | M33 @ 150 MHz |
| Sleep Current | ~100 µA | ~100 µA | <10 µA | <10 µA |
| Security | Basic | Basic | TrustZone + TRNG + OTP | TrustZone + TRNG + OTP |
| Best For | Learning & wired projects | Entry IoT & home automation | Advanced wired embedded | Advanced wireless IoT |
Common Applications & Use Cases
- Home Automation — Control relays, smart switches, and motorized blinds without a hub; the Pico W connects directly to your Wi-Fi router over 802.11n, enabling lightweight MQTT or HTTP control loops with minimal hardware overhead.
- Environmental Monitoring — Log temperature, humidity, CO₂, air quality, or soil moisture using the 3× ADC channels and I2C/SPI sensor interfaces; push readings to cloud dashboards over Wi-Fi or store locally on an SPI microSD card.
- Robotics & Motor Control — The 24 PWM channels on the Pico 2 series drive servo motors, brushless ESCs, and DC motor drivers simultaneously; dual-core architecture keeps the control loop on Core 0 while Core 1 handles sensor reads without timing conflicts.
- Custom USB Devices — USB 1.1 host/device mode with PIO state machine support lets you build custom HID keyboards, gamepads, MIDI controllers, and USB mass storage devices — all without external USB interface chips.
- Battery-Powered IoT Nodes — Deploy sensor nodes with the Pico 2 W; its sub-10 µA deep sleep current can stretch a 1000 mAh cell to several months of operation, compared to just weeks with the original RP2040-based boards.
- Display Projects & Dashboards — Drive SPI or I2C OLED/TFT displays for real-time readouts; the Pico 2's extra SRAM handles larger framebuffers and smoother animated UIs without requiring off-chip RAM or display co-processors.
- Audio Synthesis & Processing — Generate waveforms or process audio streams via I2S over PIO; the Cortex-M33 DSP extensions on the Pico 2 series accelerate FFT and FIR filter operations significantly versus the M0+ cores on earlier models.
- Education & STEM Learning — MicroPython support, zero-driver drag-and-drop flashing, and a rich library of tutorials make the Pico the most accessible microcontroller for classrooms, coding clubs, and first-time embedded developers.
- Secure Embedded Development — The RP2350's Arm TrustZone, hardware TRNG, and OTP key storage make the Pico 2 series a practical testbed for secure firmware design, cryptographic key provisioning, and firmware attestation research.
- Retro Gaming & Emulation — Community projects like PicoSystem and custom handheld consoles use the dual-core speed and PIO state machines to emulate 8-bit and 16-bit systems and drive VGA or HDMI output via resistor ladder DACs — no GPU required.
What's in the Box
- 1 × Raspberry Pi Pico Series Board (variant as selected at checkout)
Note: micro-USB cable, header pins, breadboard, and sensors are not included and are sold separately. The board ships without header pins pre-soldered, making it suitable for both surface-mount PCB integration and through-hole breadboard use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between the Pico and the Pico 2?
The Pico 2 uses the newer RP2350 chip, which doubles SRAM to 520 KB and flash to 4 MB, raises the clock to 150 MHz, and upgrades the cores to Cortex-M33 (with an optional RISC-V mode). It also adds hardware security features — TrustZone, SHA-256 acceleration, and a TRNG — and cuts deep-sleep power draw from ~100 µA to under 10 µA. The pinout and board dimensions are completely identical, so you can swap one for the other in an existing design without any wiring changes.
How do I power the Raspberry Pi Pico?
The simplest method is a micro-USB cable supplying 5V via the VBUS pin. For battery or external supply projects, connect 1.8V–5.5V directly to the VSYS pin — the onboard Richtek RT6150B buck-boost converter handles the wide voltage range automatically. A typical Pico draws 15–100 mA at full load; the Pico W can peak above 140 mA during active Wi-Fi transmission, so use a supply rated for at least 500 mA for wireless tasks. There is no reverse-polarity protection on VSYS, so verify polarity before connecting external power.
What programming languages does the Pico support?
All Pico variants officially support MicroPython (easiest for beginners), C/C++ via the official Pico SDK (best raw performance), CircuitPython (Adafruit's beginner-friendly fork with extensive sensor libraries), and the Arduino framework. You can only run one firmware environment at a time — switching between them is as simple as dragging a new .uf2 file onto the BOOTSEL USB drive. Rust and TinyGo also have growing community support.
Does the Pico work on Windows, Mac, and Linux?
Yes — all Pico models are OS-agnostic. The UF2 drag-and-drop bootloader requires no drivers and works on Windows 10/11, macOS, and all major Linux distributions. For MicroPython development, Thonny IDE auto-detects the board on all three platforms. The C/C++ SDK requires CMake and the ARM GCC toolchain, but official Raspberry Pi documentation provides step-by-step setup guides for all three operating systems.
Can I add external storage to the Pico?
There is no built-in SD card slot, but you can wire a microSD module to one of the two SPI buses and use MicroPython's SDCard library to read and write FAT-formatted cards — ideal for long-term data logging. Alternatively, connect SPI NOR flash chips for additional program storage. The Pico 2 series already ships with 4 MB of onboard flash, which is sufficient for most applications without any external storage at all.
Is the Pico compatible with Arduino shields or Raspberry Pi HATs?
The Pico uses a 2.54mm 40-pin DIP footprint, which is different from both the Arduino Uno header layout and the Raspberry Pi HAT 40-pin connector, so shields and HATs are not directly plug-and-play. However, a wide range of Pico-specific breakout boards and expansion boards are available. Any sensor or module communicating over I2C, SPI, or UART is compatible — just ensure it operates at 3.3V logic, since the Pico's GPIO pins are not 5V tolerant.
Which variant should I choose for a battery-powered IoT sensor?
For mains-powered or USB-tethered nodes, the Pico W is a solid choice with Wi-Fi and BLE 4.2. For battery-powered deployments where the board sleeps between readings, choose the Pico 2 W — its sub-10 µA deep sleep current can keep a 1000 mAh Li-Po cell alive for several months, whereas the Pico W's ~100 µA sleep draw drains the same battery in a matter of weeks.
What are the GPIO voltage and current limits?
All GPIO pins operate at 3.3V logic and can source or sink up to 12 mA per pin. Total GPIO current should stay within the 3.3V regulator's output limit (nominally 300 mA across all pins). The GPIO is not 5V tolerant — always use a logic level shifter when interfacing with 5V Arduino-style sensors or modules. The three ADC pins accept 0V–3.3V; exceeding that range can permanently damage the ADC circuitry.
Does the Pico have a real-time clock (RTC)?
The Pico includes a basic software RTC that resets when power is removed — there is no battery-backed hardware RTC or coin cell holder on the board. For persistent timekeeping, add a DS3231 or PCF8523 I2C RTC module. On the Pico W and Pico 2 W, the cleanest solution is to sync time via NTP over Wi-Fi each time the board boots — a two-line MicroPython call that requires no additional hardware.
Are Pico and Pico 2 firmware and code compatible with each other?
Compiled binaries are not interchangeable between RP2040 and RP2350 since they target different CPU architectures. However, MicroPython scripts and C/C++ source code are largely portable with minor adjustments — the pin names and peripheral APIs are consistent across both chip generations. Popular libraries from Pimoroni, Adafruit, and the Raspberry Pi foundation already publish builds for both chips, so most community projects work on all four variants with little to no code changes.
